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A directional hypothesis is a prediction made by a researcher regarding a positive or negative change, relationship, or difference between two variables of a population. This prediction is typically based on past research, accepted theory, extensive experience, or literature on the topic. Key words that distinguish a directional hypothesis are: higher, lower, more, less, increase, decrease, positive, and negative. A researcher typically develops a directional hypothesis from research questions and uses statistical methods to check the validity of the hypothesis. A general format of a directional hypothesis would be the following: For (Population A), (Independent Variable 1) will be higher than (Independent Variable 2) in terms of (Dependent Variable). For example, “For ninth graders in Central High School, test scores of Group 1 ...
Statistics Definitions > Direction of Association Direction of Association: OverviewWatch the video for an overview: Watch this video on YouTube. Can’t see the video? Click here. In Statistics, association tells you whether two variables are related. The direction of the association is always symbolized by a sign either positive (+) or negative (-). Positive Direction of AssociationTwo variables have a positive association / correlation when the values of one variable tend to increase as the values of the other variable increase. A perfect positive association means that a relationship appears to exist between two variables, and that relationship is positive 100% of the time. In statistics, a perfect positive association is represented by the value +1.00, while a 0.00 indicates no association. An example of positive association is, the more time you study the higher the chances that you will get a good grade (although it’s not necessarily a perfect correlation!). Negative Direction of AssociationTwo variables have negative association when the values of one variable tend to decrease as the values of the other variable increase. In statistics, a perfect negative association is represented by the value -1.00, while a 0.00 indicates no association. A perfect negative association means that the relationship that appears to exist between two variables is negative 100% of the time. It is also possible that two variables may be negatively associated in some, but not all, cases. An example of negative association: the more time you spend chatting with friends means the less time you have for studying. The direction of association would always depend on the variables that you have whether both variables are moving in one direction or either of the variables are going in opposite directions. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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