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- MULTIPLE CHOICE
CHAPTER 2: COMMUNICATION AND IDENTITY Creating and Presenting the Self TRUE/FALSE 1. Identity management occurs only in face-to-face interactions. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 2. Research indicates that mediated communication offers advantages for identity management. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 3. The influence of significant others becomes less powerful as we grow older. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 4. The self-concept is extremely resistant to change. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 5. Compared with face-to-face interaction, online communication tends to limit the control we have over managing impressions. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 6. In many cases a self-concept is based on data which may have been true at one time, but are now obsolete. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 7. People with high self-esteem tend to disapprove of others more than people with low self-esteem. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 8. People who think highly of themselves are likely to think highly of others too. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 9. Our concept of self is shaped by the culture in which we have been reared. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 10. The self-concept is a relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 11. The self-concept is a constantly changing set of perceptions that others have of you. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 12. Personality traits are largely a result of genetics rather than of socialization. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 13. We tend to resist revising our own self-concept even if the new self image is more positive. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 14. All inaccurate self-concepts are overly negative. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 15. It is possible to have a more favorable image of yourself than the objective facts or the opinions of others warrant. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 16. The person you believe yourself to be in moments of honesty is called the presenting self. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 17. The face you try to show to others is called the perceived self. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 18. The text advises that we shouldn’t acknowledge our strengths because we will develop overly positive, distorted self-concepts. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 19. Most Western cultures have what is called a collective identity. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 20. Nonverbal behaviors play a big role in managing impressions. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 21. The process of identity management can result in dishonest behavior. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 22. Most researchers agree that we are born with many of our personality traits. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 23. According to your text, the self-concept influences much of our future behavior. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 24. Luckily, communication from others does not affect our self-concept. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 25. You shouldn’t listen to the “boosters” and “busters” others give you since your self-concept is only your view of yourself. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 26. All communication behavior is aimed at making impressions. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 27. Cognitive conservatism is the tendency to cling to an existing self-concept, even when evidence shows that it is no longer the case. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 28. The self-concept is a product of the positive and negative messages you have received throughout your life. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 29. Opinions of family members or teachers early in your life have little impact on the formation of your self-concept. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 30. Some individuals view themselves more favorably than what the real facts indicate. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 31. In a culture such as China or Japan, speaking directly is considered desirable. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 32. A competent communicator is able to call on different identities when necessary. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 33. Being a male or female makes little difference in how others communicate with us. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 34. Defensiveness can become a problem for someone who is presented with information that contradicts his/her self-perception. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 35. The only type of self-fulfilling prophecy that can occur is when your own expectations influence your behavior. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 36. According to your text, being a high self-monitor is helpful when we want to deliberately manage our impressions. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 37. Managing your identity can be useful when you are meeting someone at a party for the first time. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 38. How you feel about yourself does not influence your self-concept. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 39. A high level of self-esteem guarantees interpersonal success. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 40. Interpersonal experiences can shape your personality. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 41. All of the men in one study ranked themselves in the top half of the population in terms of their ability to get along with others. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 42. Young women struggle more with their self-esteem than do young men. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 43. Changing an obselete or distorted self-concept can be a good thing. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 44. The authors suggest one way to change your self-concept is to observe a person you admire. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 45. In one study of college men and women, only the men wanted their public selves to be viewed differently from their perceived selves. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 46. Regularly viewing your own Facebook page can actually enhance your self-esteem. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 47. Your well-constructed and carefully-managed Facebook profile can serve as an ego-booster to you. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 48. Selectively “friending” only people who stroke your ego can lead to a distorted self-concept. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 49. In the workplace, it might be a better idea to withhold information than to lie or intentionally deceive. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 50. Your text suggests that while benevolent lies are common, the truth is always the best course of action. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 51. Self-disclosure must be frequent to be effective. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 52. Cliches are the most revealing type of communication. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 53. A secret that has never before been shared with anyone would qualify as a deep disclosure. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 54. A well-documented conclusion from research is that one act of self-disclosure usually begets another. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 55. In interpersonal relationships, the rule is: The more self-disclosure the better. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 56. Since they are honest and true, comments to another, like “I’ve always thought you were a bit flaky,” have constructive effects in self-disclosure. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 57. Lies may help us avoid embarrassment. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 58. Couples are happiest when their levels of openness are roughly equal. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 59. Hints are more direct than equivocal statements. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 60. Most research shows that lies are almost always told for the benefit of the recipient. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 61. Your text makes the case that hints, benign lies, and equivocations are sometimes ethical alternatives to telling the truth. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 62. Self-disclosure of personal thoughts and feelings may be inappropriate and risky in the work setting. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 63. All self-disclosure is reciprocal. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 64. As a general rule, the best way to develop a positive interpersonal relationship is usually to begin that relationship by revealing a great amount of highly personal information about yourself. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 65. According to the text, real self-disclosure does not involve attempts at control of the other. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 66. The “Blind” window of the Johari model represents things about yourself that another may know about you, but you do not. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 67. The “Unknown” window of the Johari model represents things about yourself that another knows, but you do not. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 68. The social penetration model represents both the breadth and the depth of your self-disclosure with another person. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 69. Not all self-disclosure draws people closer. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 70. Research shows that deception threatens relationships. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 71. Some lies are designed to initiate interaction. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 72. If faced with a choice to tell a face-saving lie or deliver an equivocal message, most people will tell the lie. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 73. Research supports that the quality of self-disclosure is not linked to marital satisfaction. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 74. The most intimate relationships are those in which disclosure is great in both breadth and depth. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 75. “Talking a problem out” can be helpful in clarifying your beliefs, opinions, thoughts, attitudes, and feelings. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 76. Reciprocity usually occurs on a turn-by-turn basis. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 77. Silence is never an appropriate alternative to self-disclosure because it indicates a lack of interest in the relationship. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 78. One study of deception determined that the average lie rate was 5 fibs every 10 minutes of conversation. A. True
B. False ANS: F PTS: 1 79. Anonymously sharing your secret online with others who do the same may have a cathartic effect. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 80. A high amount of self-monitoring is helpful in situations of deliberate identity management, such as a job interview. A. True
B. False ANS: T PTS: 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Research described in your text about mediated communication suggests that
ANS: D PTS: 1 2. In the example of schoolchildren taken from the book Pygmalion in the Classroom,
ANS: C PTS: 1 3. Self-fulfilling prophecies are
ANS: C PTS: 1 4. Which of the following is not an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?
ANS: E PTS: 1 5. All of the following are true of the self-concept except that
ANS: A PTS: 1 6. The term “self-concept” refers to
ANS: C PTS: 1 7. A “significant other” is best defined as
ANS: B PTS: 1 8. According to your text, “ego-boosters and busters” are
ANS: B PTS: 1 9. The relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself is called your
ANS: A PTS: 1 10. A self-fulfilling prophecy is
ANS: C PTS: 1 11. In individualistic cultures, a view of the self would involve all of the following except
ANS: B PTS: 1 12. Someone who is a “significant other” is
ANS: B PTS: 1 13. If you want to change your self-concept, you should
ANS: A PTS: 1 14. People who have low self-esteem
ANS: D PTS: 1 15. People who have high self-esteem
ANS: A PTS: 1 16. The kind of person you believe yourself to be is called the
ANS: A PTS: 1 17. All of the following are examples of social comparison except
ANS: B PTS: 1 18. “Reference groups” are
ANS: C PTS: 1 19. According to your text, telling ourselves we “can’t” change our self-concept could
ANS: C PTS: 1 20. The tendency to seek and attend to information that conforms to an existing self-concept has been labeled
ANS: D PTS: 1 21. The communication strategies people use to influence how others view them is the process of
ANS: E PTS: 1 22. People who hold excessively negative self-evaluations of themselves may do so due to
ANS: E PTS: 1 23. Kiko still thinks of herself as a struggling student although as a college student her GPA is a 3.5. This is an example of
ANS: C PTS: 1 24. People try to manage their identities in order to
ANS: E PTS: 1 25. According to your text, all of the following are ways that can help in changing your self-concept except
ANS: E PTS: 1 26. The characteristic ways you think and behave across a variety of situations describes your
ANS: B PTS: 1 27. When Joe hangs his framed medical degrees on his office wall he is managing his identity through
ANS: C PTS: 1 28. To say that identity management is collaborative means that
ANS: B PTS: 1 29. The process whereby the self-concept develops due to the way we believe others see us is called
ANS: A PTS: 1 30. An example of a presenting self is
ANS: D PTS: 1 31. Psyching yourself up before a soccer game is an example of
ANS: B PTS: 1 32. Which of the following does not characterize identity management?
ANS: D PTS: 1 33. Popular TV shows featuring makeovers suggest to us that our appearance must be improved, which can lead us to feel worse about ourselves. This idea best relates to
ANS: B PTS: 1 34. Chandra looking at many different Facebook profiles and then feeling better about herself is an example of
ANS: B PTS: 1 35. The ability to manage identities in different settings and cultures is a feature of
ANS: D PTS: 1 36. Googling your own name to see what comes up might inspire you to manage your public identity by engaging in
ANS: C PTS: 1 37. The popular term known as “TMI” best relates to which of these guidelines for self-disclosure?
ANS: B PTS: 1 38. In the “Talking with Little Girls” reading, Lisa Bloom writes about
ANS: D PTS: 1 39. Which of the following statements summarizes Lexie Lopez-Mayo’s thoughts in the “Looking at Diversity” reading?
ANS: D PTS: 1 40. Quadrants of the Johari Window are
ANS: B PTS: 1 41. Which of the following best fits the definition of self-disclosure?
ANS: A PTS: 1 42. Privacy management means
ANS: D PTS: 1 43. In the Chapter Nine “Communication Transcript,” Ramon discloses to his boss, Julie. Which of the following guidelines for self-disclosure did Ramon seem to ignore as he talked with her?
ANS: D PTS: 1 44. According to your text, all of the following are reasons people choose to be somewhat deceitful in relationships except
ANS: B PTS: 1 45. You’ve just delivered a speech to your classmates which none of them liked very much. According to your text, which of the following is the response you are most likely to hear when you ask them how you did?
ANS: D PTS: 1 46. The Johari Window is an important device to help explore the role
ANS: D PTS: 1 47. According to the text, which of the following is good advice about self-disclosure?
ANS: C PTS: 1 48. The social penetration model by Altman and Taylor
ANS: E PTS: 1 49. To qualify as self-disclosure, a statement must
ANS: B PTS: 1 50. The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and would not normally be known by others is
ANS: C PTS: 1 51. According to the Altman and Taylor model, the dimension of self-disclosure where information shared moves from being impersonal to more personal is called
ANS: D PTS: 1 52. What makes the disclosure in some messages deeper than others?
ANS: E PTS: 1 53. Saying “I love my family” versus “I love you” exemplifies that some disclosures are deeper than others in terms of
ANS: B PTS: 1 54. When deciding how much to disclose, you should consider
ANS: E PTS: 1 55. Saying to a friend, “I’ve always thought you weren’t too bright,” might show you didn’t consider what guideline for self-disclosure?
ANS: B PTS: 1 56. Of the following, what is not considered a benefit of self-disclosure?
ANS: E PTS: 1 57. Of the following, what is not considered a risk of self-disclosure?
ANS: C PTS: 1 58. All of the following are alternatives to self-disclosure except
ANS: C PTS: 1 59. A benevolent lie
ANS: A PTS: 1 60. In one study of 130 subjects who kept track of the truthfulness of their everyday, conversational statements,
ANS: B PTS: 1 61. One experiment determined that the average lie rate was
ANS: A PTS: 1 62. When Kathy told Abraham, “I’m just not ready for a serious relationship right now,” instead of saying, “I’m not attracted to you,” she was
ANS: B PTS: 1 63. Equivocating can be advantageous because it
ANS: E PTS: 1 64. If someone says, “I really have to go. I should be studying for a test tomorrow,” he/she would be lying in order to
ANS: C PTS: 1 65. Of the following, what is not considered an effect of lying?
ANS: E PTS: 1 66. According to your text, hinting
ANS: B PTS: 1 67. “I’m pretty sure that smoking isn’t permitted here,” is an example of
ANS: C PTS: 1 Share with your friends:
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