a colorless, transparent, volatile liquid with a special odor and scorching odor. The relative density is 0. 8084(20 ℃). Melting Point -11.9 °c. Boiling point 102 °c. Refractive index 1.4058 (20 °c). Flash point 21 ℃. Soluble in water, with ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform, glycerol and oil and many other organic substances to form azeotropic, and water to form an azeotropic composition of tert-amyl alcohol 72.5%, water 27. 5%, azeotropic point 87. 35. Last Update:2022-01-01 10:34:23 acetone-acetylene method. Last Update:2022-01-01 10:34:24 It is mainly used as a new type of pesticide, artificial high flavor Musk, seed protective agent triadimenol and color film coloring agent of raw materials; Can also be used for genenone, triadimefon and so on. Last Update:2022-01-01 10:34:23 moderate toxicity, eye, nose and respiratory organs. Inhalation of its vapor can cause vertigo, Head Pain, Cough, Nausea, tinnitus, delirium, severe cases can cause high iron hemoglobinopathy, diabetes and so on. Rats were given oral LD50. lOOOmg/kg. Last Update:2022-01-01 10:34:25 tert-Amyl alcohol (TAA) or 2-methylbutan-2-ol (2M2B), is a branched pentanol.
2-Methylbutan-2-ol 2-Methyl-2-butanol CAS Number 3D model (JSmol)
Beilstein Reference 1361351 ChEBI
PubChem CID
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
SMILES
Chemical formula C5H12O Molar mass 88.150 g·mol−1 Appearance Colorless liquid Odor Camphorous Density 0.805 g/cm−3[1]Melting point −9 °C; 16 °F; 264 K Boiling point 101 to 103 °C; 214 to 217 °F; 374 to 376 KSolubility in water 120 g·dm−3Solubility soluble in water, benzene, chloroform, diethylether and ethanol[2]log P 1.0950.5:1 volume ratio Vapor pressure 1.6 kPa (at 20 °C)Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −7.09×10−5 cm3/molRefractive index (nD) 1.405 Viscosity 4.4740 mPa·s (at 298.15 K)[1]ThermochemistryStd molar Std enthalpy of Std enthalpy of Pictograms Signal word DangerHazard statements H225, H315, H332, H335Precautionary statements P210, P261 NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
1 3 0 Flash point 19 °C (66 °F; 292 K)Autoignition Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?)Infobox references Historically TAA has been used an anesthetic[3] and more recently used as a recreational drug.[4] TAA is mostly a positive allosteric modulator for GABAA receptors in the same way as ethanol.[5] The effects of TAA and ethanol are similar. TAA is a colorless liquid with a burning flavor[6] and an unpleasant odor[7] similar to paraldehyde with a hint of camphor.[8] TAA remains as a liquid at room temperature making it a useful alternative solvent to tert-butyl alcohol. TAA is primarily made by the hydration of 2-methyl-2-butene in the presence of an acidic catalyst.[9][3] Fusel alcohols like TAA are grain fermentation byproducts and therefore trace amounts of TAA are present in many alcoholic beverages.[10] Traces of TAA have been detected in other foods, like fried bacon,[11] cassava[12] and rooibos tea.[13] TAA is also present in rabbit milk and seems to play a role of pheromone inducing suckling in the newborn rabbit. [14] From about 1880s to 1950s, TAA was used as an anesthetic with the contemporary name of amylene hydrate, but was rarely used solely because of the existence of more efficient drugs.[3] In the 1930s, TAA was mainly used as a solvent for the primary anesthetic tribromoethanol (TBE). Like chloroform, TBE is toxic for the liver, so the use of such solutions declined in the 1940s in humans. TBE-TAA-solutions remained in use as short-acting anesthetics for laboratory mice and rats. Such solutions are sometimes called Avertin, which was a brand name for the now discontinued TAA and TBE solution with a volume ratio of 0.5:1 made by the Winthrop Laboratories.[15] Nowadays TAA has found use as a recreational drug.[4] Ingestion or inhalation of TAA causes euphoria, sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant effects similar to ethanol.[16] When ingested, the effects of TAA may begin in about 30 minutes and can last up to 1–2 days.[17] 2–4 grams of TAA causes unconsciousness. About 100 g of ethanol induces a similar level of unconsciousness.[7] The smallest known dose of TAA that has killed a person is 30 ml.[17] An overdose produces symptoms similar to alcohol poisoning and is a medical emergency due to the sedative/depressant properties which manifest in overdose as potentially lethal respiratory depression. Sudden loss of consciousness, simultaneous respiratory and metabolic acidosis,[17] fast heartbeat, increased blood pressure, pupil constriction, coma, respiratory depression[18] and death may follow from an overdose. The oral LD50 in rats is 1 g/kg. The subcutaneous LD50 in mice is 2.1 g/kg.[19] In rats, TAA is primarily metabolized via glucuronidation, as well as by oxidation to 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol. It is likely that the same path is followed in humans,[20] though older sources suggest TAA is excreted unchanged.[3] TAA oxidises to 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol. The use of TAA cannot be detected with general ethanol tests or other ordinary drug tests. Its use can be detected from a blood or a urine sample by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for up to 48 hours after consumption.[18]
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